Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive disorder where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and discomfort. This condition can lead to symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing. GERD can affect people of all ages, and it occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) weakens or relaxes abnormally. Left untreated, GERD can lead to complications like esophagitis, strictures, and an increased risk of esophageal cancer. Managing GERD typically involves lifestyle changes, medications, and in some cases, surgical interventions.

Common Symptoms:

• Persistent heartburn (burning sensation in the chest)
• Regurgitation of food or sour liquid
• Chest pain, especially when lying down
• Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
• Chronic cough or hoarseness
• Sensation of a lump in the throat

Causes:

• Weak or abnormal functioning of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
• Obesity and excess body weight
• Hiatal hernia
• Pregnancy
• Smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke
• Certain foods and beverages (e.g., fatty or fried foods, coffee, alcohol, chocolate)

Diagnosis:

• Medical History and Physical Exam: Evaluating symptoms and lifestyle factors.
• Endoscopy: Visual examination of the esophagus and stomach.
• pH Monitoring: Measuring acid levels in the esophagus.
• Esophageal Manometry: Assessing the function of the esophagus and LES.
• Barium Swallow: X-ray imaging to detect abnormalities in the esophagus.

Management and Treatment:

• Lifestyle Changes: Maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding trigger foods, eating smaller meals, and not lying down after eating.
• Medications: Antacids, H2 blockers, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and prokinetics.
• Surgical Interventions: Procedures like fundoplication for severe or refractory cases.
• Elevating the Head of the Bed: Reducing nighttime symptoms by keeping the head elevated during sleep.

When to Seek Medical Help:

• Severe or persistent heartburn
• Difficulty swallowing or pain while swallowing
• Unexplained weight loss
• Vomiting blood or black stools
• Symptoms that do not improve with over-the-counter medications

GERD is a manageable condition with the right approach to treatment and lifestyle adjustments. If you are experiencing symptoms of GERD, it is important to seek medical evaluation and treatment to prevent complications and improve your quality of life. Contact our hospital to schedule an appointment with our gastroenterology specialists, who are dedicated to providing comprehensive care for digestive health.