Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, triggers an immune response that damages the small intestine's lining. This damage impairs nutrient absorption and can lead to a range of gastrointestinal and systemic symptoms. Celiac disease can develop at any age and, if left untreated, can lead to serious health complications such as malnutrition, osteoporosis, infertility, and an increased risk of certain cancers. The primary treatment for celiac disease is a strict, lifelong gluten-free diet, which helps manage symptoms and promote intestinal healing.

Common Symptoms:

• Abdominal pain and bloating
• Chronic diarrhea or constipation
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue and weakness
• Anemia (iron deficiency)
• Skin rash (dermatitis herpetiformis)
• Bone or joint pain
• Neurological symptoms (e.g., headaches, numbness in hands and feet)

Causes:

• Genetic predisposition (family history of celiac disease)
• Consumption of gluten-containing foods
• Environmental factors that may trigger the disease

Diagnosis:

• Blood Tests: Screening for specific antibodies (e.g., tTG-IgA).
• Endoscopy and Biopsy: Taking tissue samples from the small intestine to look for damage.
• Genetic Testing: Identifying genes associated with celiac disease (HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8).

Management and Treatments

• Gluten-Free Diet: The cornerstone of treatment, eliminating all sources of gluten from the diet.
• Nutritional Support: Ensuring a balanced diet and addressing any nutritional deficiencies (e.g., iron, calcium, vitamin D).
• Regular Follow-Up: Monitoring symptoms, nutritional status, and adherence to the gluten-free diet.
• Support Groups: Providing emotional and practical support for managing the disease.

When to Seek Medical Help:

• Persistent gastrointestinal symptoms
• Unexplained weight loss or growth issues in children
• Symptoms of malnutrition (e.g., fatigue, anemia)
• Family history of celiac disease or other autoimmune disorders

Living with celiac disease requires diligent management and lifestyle adjustments to maintain health and prevent complications. If you suspect you have celiac disease or are experiencing symptoms, it is essential to seek medical evaluation and guidance. Contact our hospital to schedule an appointment with our gastroenterology specialists, who are dedicated to providing comprehensive care and support for individuals with celiac disease.